Name: 
 

Study Guide 03



True/False
Indicate whether the sentence or statement is true or false.
 

 1. 

One way to create a valid document is to design a DOC for the document.
 

 2. 

There can be at most two DOCTYPE declarations in an XML document.
 

 3. 

In some cases, the DTD for an XML vocabulary is placed in several locations.
 

 4. 

DTDs cannot be built into the XML parser.
 

 5. 

When a Web browser reads a file, it may have built-in code that corresponds to the XHTML strict DTD or it may have a specific location of its own from which it retrieves the DTD.
 

 6. 

Most standard XML vocabularies like XHTML and RSS have system identifiers.
 

 7. 

Most customized XML vocabularies have public identifiers.
 

 8. 

Internal and external DTDs work the same way as embedded and external style sheets.
 

 9. 

An XML environment composed of several documents and vocabularies is likely to use internal DTDs but not external DTDs.
 

 10. 

It is not required that all elements be declared in the DTD in a valid document.
 

 11. 

An element type declaration cannot specify the order in which elements appear in the document.
 

 12. 

Generally, elements contain parsed character data or child elements.
 

 13. 

Allowing an element to contain any type of content is a popular strategy for document validation.
 

 14. 

The simplest form for the listing of child elements consists of a single child element associated with a parent.
 

 15. 

You cannot specify duplicates of the same element in a content model.
 

 16. 

It is very common to specify the exact number of duplicate elements in a content model.
 

 17. 

The four modifying symbols available can modify entire element sequences or choices
 

 18. 

The order of declarations in a DTD is critical; they must be inserted in the order in which the elements appear in the document.
 

 19. 

While very flexible, elements with mixed content do not add much defined structure to a document.
 

 20. 

You can use element declarations to constrain the order in which child elements appear as well as the number of occurrences for each element.
 

 21. 

Declarations for elements with multiple attributes are often easier to interpret if the attributes are declared separately rather than in one long declaration.
 

 22. 

Attribute-list declarations can be located anywhere within the document type declaration
 

 23. 

Attribute values do not allow you to control the format of the character data.
 

 24. 

Any ID attribute in any element is a candidate for an ID reference.
 

 25. 

You can specify that an XML parser limit its search to only particular elements or attributes
 

 26. 

Unlike with the IDREF token, all of the IDs listed in an IDREFS token must be found in an ID attribute located somewhere in the file, or parsers will reject the document as invalid
 
 
studyguide03_files/i0280000.jpg
 

 27. 

The figure above shows a validating parser.
 

 28. 

To test for validity, an XML parser must be able to compare your XML document with the rules you set up in the DTD.
 

 29. 

You can declare a namespace and apply it to a DTD in the same way that you can use an @namespace rule with a CSS style sheet.
 

Modified True/False
Indicate whether the sentence or statement is true or false.  If false, change the identified word or phrase to make the sentence or statement true.
 

 30. 

A DTD can be used to enforce a specific data structure on a document. _________________________

 

 31. 

The DOCTYPE declaration has to be added to a document epilog. _________________________

 

 32. 

External subsets have three types of locations. _________________________

 

 33. 

If a document contains both an internal and external subset, the external subset has precedence. _________________________

 

 34. 

In a valid document, every element must be declared in the DTD. _________________________

 

 35. 

The NULL content model is reserved for elements that store no content. _________________________

 

 36. 

Empty content declared as pcdata does not allow for child elements. _________________________

 

 37. 

Since XML documents follow a hierarchical tree structure, you must declare the child elements of any parent. _________________________

 

 38. 

A modifying symbol is placed directly before the element it modifies. _________________________

 

 39. 

It is best not to work with mixed content if you want a tightly structured document. _________________________

 

 40. 

If a processor encounters more than one declaration for the same attribute, it ignores the first statement. ___________________________________

 

 41. 

NMTOKEN is the simplest form for attribute text. _________________________

 

 42. 

To indicate that an attribute value must be an integer or number, you must use schemas. _________________________

 

 43. 

A(n) name token must have a value equal to the value of an ID attribute located somewhere in the same document. _________________________

 

 44. 

The name token enables an XML document to contain cross-references between one element and another. _________________________

 

 45. 

If you want to make sure that an attribute value is always a valid XML name, you can use the IDREF type instead of the CDATA type. _________________________

 

 46. 

The #FIXED attribute default is used to indicate that the use of an attribute is optional. _________________________

 

 47. 

You can apply a namespace to a DTD in the same way that you can use an @namespace rule with a CSS style sheet. _________________________

 

 48. 

Including a namespace in the DTD in order to make the document valid is usually done using a dynamic data type for the namespace’s URL. _________________________

 

Multiple Choice
Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
 

 49. 

A ____ is a collection of rules that define the content and structure of an XML document.
a.
data structure
c.
XMLNS
b.
DTD
d.
validity glossary
 

 50. 

One way to create a valid document is to design a ____ for the document.
a.
data structure
c.
XMLNS
b.
DTD
d.
validity glossary
 

 51. 

A DTD is entered into the document in a statement called a document ____ declaration.
a.
basis
c.
index
b.
element
d.
type
 

 52. 

The DOCTYPE declaration has to be added to the document ____, after the XML declaration and before the document’s root element.
a.
prolog
c.
body
b.
epilog
d.
Any of the above
 

 53. 

How many DOCTYPE declarations are there in an XML document?
a.
1
c.
3
b.
2
d.
There is no limit.
 

 54. 

You can divide a DTD into ____ parts.
a.
two
c.
five
b.
three
d.
seven
 

 55. 

Which of the following is a part into which a DTD can be divided?
a.
internal subset
c.
root element
b.
system identifier
d.
public identifier
 

 56. 

Which of the following is a part into which a DTD can be divided?
a.
element declaration
c.
external subset
b.
strict declaration
d.
root element
 

 57. 

External subsets have ____ types of locations.
a.
two
c.
four
b.
three
d.
six
 

 58. 

Which of the following is a type of location for an external subset?
a.
internal
c.
qualified
b.
undeclared
d.
system
 

 59. 

Which of the following is a type of location for an external subset?
a.
public
c.
qualified
b.
undeclared
d.
internal
 

 60. 

For a system DTD, a system ____ allows you to specify the location of an external subset.
a.
identifier
c.
index
b.
qualifier
d.
locator
 

 61. 

Most standard XML vocabularies have ____ identifiers.
a.
public
c.
system
b.
strict
d.
master
 

 62. 

An element ____ declaration specifies an element’s name and indicates what kind of content the element can contain.
a.
content
c.
type
b.
model
d.
detail
 

 63. 

An element declaration can specify which of the following?
a.
an element’s name
b.
what kind of content the element can contain
c.
the order in which elements appear in the document
d.
All of the above
 

 64. 

Element names can contain which of the following?
a.
reserved symbols
c.
numbers
b.
spaces
d.
All of the above
 

 65. 

There are ____ possible values for the content model in an element declaration.
a.
five
c.
three
b.
four
d.
two
 

 66. 

The ____ value for the content model in an element declaration does not place any restrictions on the element’s content.
a.
ANY
c.
#PCDATA
b.
EMPTY
d.
Mixed
 

 67. 

The ____ value for the content model in an element declaration means an element cannot store any content.
a.
EMPTY
c.
NONE
b.
NULL
d.
Mixed
 

 68. 

The ____ value for the content model in an element declaration means the element can contain only parsed character data.
a.
Parsed
c.
#PCDATA
b.
Mixed
d.
Elements
 

 69. 

The ____ value for the content model in an element declaration means the element can contain only child elements.
a.
PCDATA
c.
Mixed
b.
ANY
d.
Elements
 

 70. 

The ____ value for the content model in an element declaration means the element can contain both parsed character data and child elements.
a.
Mixed
c.
#PCDATA
b.
Elements
d.
BOTH
 

 71. 

The most general type of content model is ____.
a.
#PCDATA
c.
ANY
b.
mixed
d.
EMPTY
 

 72. 

The ____ content model allows an element to store any type of content.
a.
OPEN
c.
#PCDATA
b.
mixed
d.
ANY
 

 73. 

The declaration ____ in the DTD would allow the products element to contain any type of content.
a.
<!ELEMENT products (#PCDATA)>
c.
<!ELEMENT products mixed>
b.
<!ELEMENT products EMPTY>
d.
<!ELEMENT products ANY>
 

 74. 

The declaration ____ would permit this element in an XML document: <name>Lea Ziegler</name>.
a.
<!ELEMENT products (#CHAR)>
c.
<!ELEMENT products EMPTY>
b.
<!ELEMENT products ALL>
d.
<!ELEMENT name (#PCDATA)>
 

 75. 

A ____ symbol specifies the number of occurrences of each element.
a.
specifying
c.
count
b.
quantifier
d.
modifying
 

 76. 

There are ____ modifying symbols.
a.
two
c.
five
b.
three
d.
seven
 

 77. 

Which of the following is a modifying symbol?
a.
^
c.
*
b.
&
d.
All of the above
 

 78. 

The ____ symbol indicates that an element occurs zero or one time.
a.
&
c.
?
b.
^
d.
+
 

 79. 

The ____ symbol indicates that an element occurs at least once.
a.
^
c.
+
b.
?
d.
&
 

 80. 

The ____ symbol indicates that an element occurs 0 times or more.
a.
+
c.
*
b.
?
d.
^
 

 81. 

When the ____ symbol is used with a choice list, the element can contain any number of occurrences of child elements or pcdata, or it can contain no content at all.
a.
+
c.
?
b.
*
d.
^
 

 82. 

Which of the following is accomplished by an attribute-list declaration?
a.
It lists the names of all the attributes associated with a specific element.
b.
It specifies the data type of each attribute.
c.
It indicates whether each attribute is required or optional.
d.
All of the above
 

 83. 

The attributes of the attribute value type ____ contain lists of possible attribute values.
a.
CDATA
c.
enumerated list
b.
IDREFS
d.
NMTOKENS
 

 84. 

The attributes of the attribute value type ____ contain unique text strings.
a.
IDREF
c.
ENTITY
b.
ID
d.
NMTOKENS
 

 85. 

The attributes of the attribute value type ____ contain references to ID values.
a.
IDREF
c.
IDREFS
b.
ID
d.
ENTITY
 

 86. 

The attributes of the attribute value type ____ contain lists of ID values separated by white space.
a.
ENTITY
c.
NMTOKEN
b.
IDREFS
d.
CDATA
 

 87. 

The attributes of the attribute value type ____ contain references to an external unparsed entity.
a.
ENTITY
c.
NMTOKEN
b.
ENTITIES
d.
NMTOKENS
 

 88. 

The attributes of the attribute value type ____ contain a list of entities separated by white space.
a.
ENTITY
c.
ENTITIES
b.
enumerated list
d.
ID
 

 89. 

The attributes of the attribute value type ____ contain an accepted XML name.
a.
ID
c.
IDREF
b.
NMTOKEN
d.
ENTITY
 

 90. 

The attributes of the attribute value type ____ contain a list of XML names separated by white space.
a.
IDREFS
c.
NMTOKENS
b.
ENTITIES
d.
enumerated list
 

 91. 

____ is the simplest form for attribute text.
a.
ID
c.
CDATA
b.
IDREFS
d.
NMTOKENS
 

 92. 

Specifying character data allows an attribute to contain almost any data except characters including ____.
a.
>
c.
&
b.
<
d.
All of the above
 

 93. 

Which of the following is a kind of token supported by a DTD?
a.
schemas
c.
name tokens
b.
attribute declarations
d.
notations
 

 94. 

Attributes can contain multiple IDs and IDREFs, placed in lists, with each entry separated by ____.
a.
commas
c.
white space
b.
tabs
d.
parentheses
 

 95. 

Once an ID value has been declared in a document, other attribute values can reference to it using the ____ token.
a.
name
c.
IDREF
b.
entity
d.
value
 

 96. 

The NMTOKEN data types cannot contain ____.
a.
hyphens
c.
white space
b.
colons
d.
Any of the above
 

 97. 

The ____ attribute default means that the attribute must appear with every occurrence of the element.
a.
#MANDATED
c.
#REQUIRED
b.
#FIXED
d.
#IMPLIED
 

 98. 

The ____ attribute default means that the attribute is optional.
a.
#FIXED
c.
#TOKEN
b.
#IMPLIED
d.
#OPTIONAL
 

Completion
Complete each sentence or statement.
 

 99. 

DTD stands for ____________________.
 

 

 100. 

A DOCTYPE declaration is also known as a(n) ____________________.
 

 

 101. 

The ____________________ subset is a set of declarations placed within the XML document.
 

 

 102. 

In a(n) ____________________ subset, the declarations are placed in an external file that is accessed from the XML document.
 

 

 103. 

For a system DTD, a system ____________________ allows you to specify the location of an external subset.
 

 

 104. 

A(n) ____________________ is added to the DOCTYPE declaration to provide the public name of the DTD.
 

 

 105. 

A(n) ____________________ specifies an element’s name and indicates what kind of content it can contain.
 

 

 106. 

A(n) ____________________ is a list of elements that follow a defined order.
 

 

 107. 

One way of listing child elements, ____________________, presents a set of possible child elements.
 

 

 108. 

DTDs use more general numbering with a(n) ____________________ symbol, which specifies the number of occurrences of each element.
 

 

 109. 

____________________ content allows an element to contain both parsed character data and child elements.
 

 

 110. 

Attributes that are limited to a set of possible values are known as ____________________ types.
 

 

 111. 

A(n) ____________________ associates the value of an attribute with a <!NOTATION> declaration that is inserted elsewhere in the DTD.
 

 

 112. 

____________________ types are character strings that follow certain rules for format and content.
 

 

 113. 

The rules that a tokenized type follows are known as ____________________.
 

 

 114. 

A(n) ____________________ token is used when an attribute value must be unique within a document.
 

 

 115. 

An attribute declared as a(n) ____________________ token must have a value equal to the value of an ID attribute located somewhere in the same document.
 

 

 116. 

The ____________________ data type is used with character data whose values must be valid XML names.
 

 

 117. 

An attribute that contains a list of name tokens, each separated by a blank space, can be defined using the ____________________ data type.
 

 

Matching
 
 
Identify the letter of the choice that best matches the phrase or definition.
a.
general entity
e.
parsed entity
b.
unparsed entity
f.
internal entity
c.
external entity
g.
parameter entity
d.
module
h.
conditional section
 

 118. 

References content that is either nontextual or that cannot be interpreted by an XML parser
 

 119. 

Used when you want to insert content into a DTD itself
 

 120. 

The smaller chunks into which a DTD can be broken
 

 121. 

Draws its content from an external file
 

 122. 

Enables you to divide a DTD into two parts: one interpreted by parsers and one containing declarations that parsers ignore
 

 123. 

References content to be used within an XML document
 

 124. 

Includes its content in the DTD
 

 125. 

References text that can be readily interpreted or parsed by an application reading the XML document
 



 
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